What field studies ecosystems and their interactions?

The study of ecosystems and their interactions falls within the realm of ecology. This branch of biological science focuses on understanding how living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, interact with each other and their physical environment. Ecologists examine the relationships within ecosystems, exploring how energy flows through food webs, how populations interact, and the influence of abiotic factors like climate and soil on living organisms.

Ecology is essential for understanding biodiversity, ecosystem dynamics, and the impact of human activities on natural habitats. It encompasses various levels of study, from individual organisms to communities and entire ecosystems, providing insights that inform conservation efforts and environmental management.

Other fields, while related to biology, focus on different aspects. Microbiology studies microorganisms, zoology concentrates on animal species and their biology, and botany pertains specifically to plants and their processes. None of these disciplines directly addresses the interactions and relationships within ecosystems at the comprehensive level that ecology does.