What is the role of transport proteins in the cell membrane?

Transport proteins in the cell membrane play a crucial role in facilitating the movement of molecules across the membrane. This is essential because the lipid bilayer of the membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it only allows certain substances to pass through freely while blocking others. Transport proteins are integral membrane proteins that assist in the transportation of ions, glucose, and other nutrients either by passive processes, like facilitated diffusion, or through active transport, which requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

This functionality is vital for maintaining homeostasis within the cell, allowing it to take in necessary substances and expel waste products. By using these transport proteins, cells can effectively regulate their internal environment and ensure proper cellular function.