What scientific approach involves observing and describing phenomena?

The chosen answer highlights Discovery Science as the appropriate scientific approach for observing and describing phenomena. Discovery Science primarily focuses on gathering qualitative and quantitative data through observation without the need to manipulate variables or conduct experiments. This type of science is centered on identifying patterns, documenting facts, and generating hypotheses based on empirical data collected from nature.

In Discovery Science, researchers often engage in exploratory studies, analyzing patterns in the natural world, such as classifying organisms, mapping ecosystems, or examining geological formations. The information obtained through these observations can then pave the way for further investigation and experimentation, but the initial step is rooted in observation and description.

While other approaches like Experimental Science emphasize hypothesis testing through controlled experiments, and Theoretical Science works on developing models and theories to explain phenomena, the distinctive aspect of Discovery Science is its foundational reliance on rigorous observation and documentation. Applied Science, on the other hand, typically refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, which does not focus as heavily on the initial observation phase.