Which of the following best defines applied science?

Applied science is best defined as a practical application of scientific knowledge. This branch of science focuses on using established theories and principles to solve real-world problems or to develop new technologies and processes. When scientists engage in applied science, they take findings from fundamental research—often conducted in pure science—and use them in ways that directly impact society.

For instance, applied sciences can include fields like engineering, medicine, and environmental science, where scientific theories are implemented to create innovative solutions for everyday challenges, such as improving healthcare, developing renewable energy sources, or designing safer consumer products.

The other options represent different aspects of science but do not encompass the practical focus that defines applied science. Describing natural laws pertains more to theoretical science, while a theoretical framework is about understanding concepts rather than applying them. Similarly, laboratory methods detail how scientific inquiries are conducted rather than the application of those findings. Therefore, the essence of applied science lies in its direct application of scientific knowledge to practical issues, making the chosen answer the most accurate definition.