Which of the following describes the role of the Golgi apparatus?

The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in the processing and management of proteins within the cell. It is primarily responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins that have been synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Once proteins are produced, they are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they undergo further modifications, such as glycosylation (adding sugar groups) or phosphorylation (adding phosphate groups). After these modifications, the Golgi apparatus sorts the proteins based on their final destinations—whether they will be sent to other organelles, secreted outside the cell, or incorporated into the cell membrane. This sorting and packaging process ensures that proteins are delivered accurately and efficiently, which is vital for maintaining cellular functions.

The other options each describe functions associated with different cellular components. For instance, generating energy is typically associated with mitochondria, while storing genetic information relates to the nucleus. Transporting ions generally involves membrane proteins or channels rather than the Golgi apparatus directly. Understanding these roles clarifies why the Golgi apparatus is specifically linked to the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins.