Which organelles are responsible for conducting photosynthesis in plant cells?

Chloroplasts are the organelles that are specifically designed to conduct photosynthesis in plant cells. They contain chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures light energy, which is essential for converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. This ability to harness light energy makes chloroplasts crucial for the survival of plants and for the overall ecosystem, as they are the primary producers that provide energy for almost all living organisms.

Mitochondria, while essential for energy production through cellular respiration, do not carry out photosynthesis. Ribosomes are primarily responsible for protein synthesis, synthesizing proteins based on the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA. Lysosomes function in digestion and waste processing within the cell, breaking down macromolecules into their constituent parts but do not play a role in photosynthesis. The specific role of chloroplasts in converting light energy into chemical energy distinguishes them as the primary organelles for this vital process.