Which term refers to cell adhesion structures found in both plant and animal cells?

Cell adhesion structures play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity and communication between cells in both plant and animal organisms. The term that encompasses these structures is 'extracellular connections.'

In both types of cells, adhesion is facilitated by various types of junctions and connections. In animal cells, this includes tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions, which serve to connect cells and allow for communication and transport of materials. In plants, structures like plasmodesmata serve a similar function, allowing for the passage of molecules and signaling between adjacent cells.

Overall, extracellular connections are essential for tissue formation, signal transduction, and overall cellular interaction, making it the accurate term to refer to the structures that provide adhesion between cells in both kingdoms. Other options represent different cellular components; for instance, cell walls are primarily a feature of plant cells, plasma membranes are integral to all cell types but do not specifically denote adhesion structures, and organelle membranes relate to the compartments within cells rather than intercellular connections.