Which type of cholesterol contributes to plaque buildup in arteries?

LDL, or low-density lipoprotein, is the type of cholesterol primarily responsible for contributing to plaque buildup in arteries. It is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because high levels of LDL can lead to the accumulation of fatty deposits in the walls of blood vessels. This accumulation narrows the arteries and can lead to atherosclerosis, which increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

LDL carries cholesterol from the liver to the cells, but when there is an excess of LDL, it can become oxidized in the bloodstream. This oxidized LDL is recognized by the immune system, leading to an inflammatory response that further exacerbates plaque formation. Over time, the plaque can harden and disrupt normal blood flow, which can lead to serious cardiovascular problems.

In contrast, HDL, or high-density lipoprotein, is known as "good" cholesterol. It helps transport cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver for excretion or re-utilization, thereby reducing the risk of plaque buildup. VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) also carries triglycerides and, although it can contribute to plaque formation, its role is less direct than that of LDL. Triglycerides, while they are a type of fat in